Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Nur Muhammad Nashrullah

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Depatement, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute of Technology National Malang, Malang City

Abstract
Making a drink mix fruits and vegetables from the red spinach,red bean,guava and beet fruit can be a way to enhance iron content of their products, and will raise the value of favorite of the society towards it. This study aims to determine the right formula of the variation of composition fruits and vegetables and temperature levels drying against iron and find out acceptance to the society in powder fruit and vegetable drink mix. Methods used to make a drink mix fruit that is a Foam-Mat Drying method. Based on an analysis of the iron, the best conditions exist to variation composition 40% of guava at temperature drying 60 oC with 6,05 mg/100g of iron content. The temperature drying affecting the iron and vitamin C in mixed fruits and vegetables. Based on the hedonic organoleptic test, mix fruits and vegetables can be well accpted by the society for its color from variations composition 40% of red bean (60 oC), the aroma of 40% of guava (60 oC), and the taste of 40% beet fruit (50 oC). So it can be concluded that variations composition fruit that is produced with compisition of the 40% of guava.

Keywords
Mix fruits and vegetables, red spinach, red bean, guava, beet fruit, iron and vitamin C

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bZAtQpRGz4yk

Corresponding Author
Yudha Gusti Wibowo

Institutions
Universitas Jambi

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a dangerous metal that give an impact for environment and human health. Mercury is abundant in polluted water such as acid mine drainage, peat water and wastewater in industrial area. This paper will explain how to reduce mercury in wastewater use activated bentonite. Bentonite is a raw local material and abundant in Jambi province. Bentonite has activated using HCl and H3PO4 0.5M. Activated bentonite has identification by X-Ray Diffraction to find the peak of natural bentonite and activated bentonite. Activated bentonite use HCl can adsorb 99,33% and H3PO4 can adsorb 99.96%. Activated bentonite using H3PO4 more efficient than HCl to reduce mercury in wastewater.

Keywords
Bentonite, Activated Bentonite, XRD, Mercury

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/epzFkhcmwvJ4

Corresponding Author
Anisa Maulida

Institutions
University of Indonesia

Abstract
Mesophase pitch, which can be produced from vacuum residue (VR), may be used as precursor in activated carbon (AC) production process. VR still lacks of utilization and ends up as waste. VR has the potential to be used as a feedstock because of its low cost and contains aromatics and aliphatic subtituents. Gum rosin may be added in the production of mesophase pitch because of its conjugated double bond carbon content. In the present study, co-pyrolysis occurs in a stirred tank reactor at temperature about 450℃ with heating rate of 5oC/minute and hold for 120 minutes. The amount of gum rosin mixed with VR was varied 0, 5, 10 and 15% wt of VR. The precursor products had C/H mole ratio of about 2.43, 2.37, 2.28, and 2.01. This precursor underwent carbonization at at 700℃ with heating rate 5oC/minute and holding time for 120 minutes at 700oC under N2 flow. KOH was used as activating agent to precursor of activated carbon. Activated carbon gave surface area that increase as addition of gum rosin and rasio C/H deacreasing. Activated carbon AC0, AC5, AC10, dan AC15 have surface areas of 120.81, 194.56, 312.36, dan 462.19 m2/g and high crystalline structure.

Keywords
activated carbon, gum rosin, carbonization, activation, vacuum residue.

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xywtp37zDhX4

Corresponding Author
Retno Sulistyo Dhamar Lestari

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
Papaya leaves contain chemical compounds that can be used as biopesticides. Alkaloids are compounds in papaya leaves that have biological activities and function as protectors of plants from pests and the environment. So it is necessary to do research on the content of alkaloids to be used as material for further studies in the utilization of chemical compounds in papaya leaves. Besides alkaloids, papaya leaves also contain flavonoids and tannins. This study aims to determine the levels of alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins from papaya leaf extract qualitatively and quantitatively. Extraction of papaya leaves was carried out with the aid of ultrasonic waves using 96% ethanol and water solvents for 5,10,15,20 and 25 minutes, then dried using an oven to obtain powder extract. The extract obtained was tested qualitatively using reagents that were in accordance with the test parameters and functional group analysis using the infrared spectrum. Whereas for the quantitative test on alkaloid compounds using the gravimetric method, tannin compounds and flavonoids using the UV-visible spectrophotometric method. Infrared spectrum analysis showed that papaya leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins. Qualitative test results showed positive papaya leaves containing alkaloid compounds characterized by the presence of brick red deposits, flavonoids characterized by the formation of red color, tannins are characterized by blackish green. Qualitative test results showed that the highest alkaloid content in this study was produced at 25 minutes extraction time with 96% ethanol, which was 5.75% in 1.5 grams of extract, the largest flavanoid content was produced at water solvent extraction at 10 minutes, 2, 4088%, the highest tannin content was produced by extracting with ethanol solvent at 20 minutes, which is 0.5341%

Keywords
papaya leaves, alkaloids, extraction, ultrasonic

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GAfkBUjd2Pzq

Corresponding Author
Fauzi Abdilah

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Jalan Gegerkalong Hilir Ds Ciwaruga, Bandung 40012, Indonesia
b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology that can be used to directly convert organic matter into electrical energy with the aid of microorganisms. This experiment studied the electricity-generating potency of a double chamber MFC using palm oil mill effluent (POME) as substrate and mixed culture originating from cow manure as inoculum. A non-catalyst graphite sheet was used as the electrode with a proton exchange membrane as the separator. In this work, we report that mixed culture bacteria from cow manure can be used as potential inoculum for microbial fuel cell generating maximum open circuit voltage, power density and current density of 853 mV, 655.98 mW/m2 and 1387.09 mA/m2, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was done to investigate the electrochemical activities in the MFC. The biofilm formation on the anode surface was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Keywords
microbial fuel cell, palm oil mill effluent, cow manure, inoculum, graphite sheet

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Er9dj32ptG6N

Corresponding Author
Conny Kurniawan Wachjoe

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ciwaruga, Kec. Parongpong, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat 40559
* ck_wachjoe[at]polban.ac.id

Abstract
It is known that the optimal value in anaerobic microbial metabolism is best achieved at a C / N ratio range of 20 to 30. However, protein content use is also widely known for its significant impact in increasing the production of methane gas. Vegetables comparably contain higher amount of protein than cow dung waste, thus it is very potential to be used as the feed of biogas digester. The protein content of cow dung waste of 0.73 gr /100 gr is relatively very low compared to cauliflower, cabbage and mustard greens in which each of which are 5gr /100 gr, 6gr/100 gr, and 2.9gr /100 gr respectively. The method used in this study is the utilization of F2 -EM-4 microorganism activator and low concentration of NaOH mixture in the pretreatment process of vegetable waste feed which aim to increase the C / N ratio meanwhile maintain the protein content itself. The feed mixture of cabbage, cauliflower, and lettuce leftovers is mixed in an optimum C / N composition until it nearly resembles the propotion of the cow dung waste C / N composition. Finally, the addition of GP-7 microorganism activator during the methanogenesis process stage shows satisfying results. Regardless the retention time which takes 10% longer than the process without vegetables waste, the methane gas amount produced in this study is proportional to the one from cow dung waste only.

Keywords
vegetable waste, feed pretreatment, biogas production, microorganism activator.

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rYFWZ9egRUzQ

Corresponding Author
RINI SETIATI

Institutions
Petroleum Engineering Departement , FTKE, Universitas Trisakti

Abstract
One type of light weight cement is foam cement which can be used in cementing operations in weak zones with the possibility of small fractures, and reducing the amount of light weight cement suspension levels. The foam cement suspension can be used to solve lost circulation due to natural vertical fractures or cavernous formations. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of foam cement slurry to solve the loss circulation in geothermal wells Making slurry cement uses class G cement at 200 mesh and 100 mesh sizes with the composition of Cement. The cement is put into the waring blender containing water, stir it for 35 seconds, adding foam agent into cement slurry with variations in foam agent concentration of 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.09%, 0.12% and 0.15%. Observation of foam cement slurry above was carried out for 30 minutes to test the stability of bubbles in the mixture. The results this study showed different compressive strength values at variations of the concentration of foam agent. The strength value is strongly influenced by evaluation of permeability, porosity and bulk density of core foam cement. The test results of samples with 0.03% Sika-aer concentration have a compressive strength value of 3745,533 psia, while samples with Sika-aer concentration of 0.15% have compressive value of 1701.459 psia The value of compressive strength core foam cement samples can form a linear line relationship between variations in foam agent concentration.

Keywords
compressive strength, foam agent, lost circulation, sika aer, slurry cemen

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Phc2VxZNryjF

Corresponding Author
Novia Novia

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih km.32, Inderalaya, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, 30662, Indonesia.
*novia[at]ft.unsri.ac.id

Abstract
The development of alternative energy sources from renewable natural resources has been carried out regulerly. One of the alternatives is the utilization of agricultural waste such as rice husk to produce bioethanol. However the cellulose content in rice husk is blocked by complex lignoseulosic matrices such as lignin which will disrupt the hydrolysis process. The pretreatment is needed to break the bond. In this study, pretreatment was carried out using the Aqueous Ammonia Soaking (AAS) and dilute acid methods with various ammonia concentration and temperature of pretreatment. The composition of rice husk was analyzed using Chesson methods. Three series of works were carried out, namely pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. Pretreatment was carried out with various concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 % (v/v) and temperature of 60, 70, 80 90, 100 oC. The highest cellulose content was about 57.94% at ammonia concentration of 20% (v/v) and a temperature of 100 oC. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis produced the highest glucose of about 24.1774 ppm and bioethanol of 11,21%.

Keywords
Aqueous Ammonia, Bioethanol, Dilute Acid, Fermentation, Hydrolysis

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aEDZx4KUvb3T

Corresponding Author
Eka Sari

Institutions
Chemical Engineering department, Engineering Faculty universitas sultan ageng tirtayasa

Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknology Malaysia

Abstract
Shrimp shells are widely produced from shrimp-based food industry as a waste. The waste of shrimp shell can be used to produce chitosan, it need three stages of process namely deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation. Furthermore, the chitosan is made into chitosan nanoparticles by precipitation method using ammonia. The ammonia is added to chitosan solution with acetic acid. The resulting nanochitosan was tested on blood clots as a biocoagulant agent of various blood types. The results showed that the chitosan have the acetylation degree of about 68.67%. The chitosan nanoparticles obtained particle size of 782.6 nm for condtion of concentration of amonia15% addition and duration of stirring for 10 minutes. The clotting tests showed that the addition of nanochitosan can accelerate blood clots but the rate of blood clotting shows different results from each blood types. A bloodless without nanochitosan freezing at 604.5 second and blood clotting with significant time difference was shown in A types of blood only during 372 seconds.

Keywords
Waste, shell, Shrimp, Nanochitosan, Biocoagulant, Blood

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qdTMLQBycZr6

Corresponding Author
Herawati Budiastuti

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Abstract
The price of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is relatively cheap and its utilization does not compete with food needs. The availability of PFAD in Indonesia is considered sufficient as a supply of raw material for making biodiesel. This study aims to make biodiesel that is in accordance with SNI 7182-2015 with PFAD raw materials and to determine the Induction Period (IP) value of biodiesel made without and with the addition of antioxidant Z. The research stage begins from making biodiesel through etherification reaction and continues with the determination of each IP biodiesel using a modified Rancimat device. PFAD used as raw material is composed of free fatty acids, 88.35% mol of saturated fatty acids and 11.5% mol of unsaturated fatty acids, or the total free fatty acids of 99.85% mol. Biodiesel with PFAD raw material was successfully made with the value of viscosity, density, alkyl ester content and oxidative stability value are in accordance with SNI 7182-2015, but the value of water content and acid number values are out of range with SNI 7182-2015. The average IP of produced biodiesel without addition of antioxidant has reached the minimum standard of 6 hours, which is equal to 6.15 hours

Keywords
antioxidant, biodiesel, Induction Period, PFAD

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MzvaFkb8jPmu

Corresponding Author
Sinta Setyaningrum

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Jalan Gegerkalong Hilir, Ds. Ciwaruga, Bandung 40012
*sinta.setyaningrum[at]polban.ac.id

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a biogas production process that can be used as a sustainable alternative energy. Anaerobic digestion utilized vary type of organic waste as substrate for reaction process. Conversion process of organic wastes into the energy could solved the environmental problems. Food waste is one of the high organic content waste which become global environmental issue. In this research, dry anaerobic digestion system used to determined biogas production potential from food waste with cow manure as the inoculum. Three variation total solid (TS) of substrate and inoculum were used to compare the biogas production performance. After 24 days incubation time on 25°C, result of biogas production from 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 ratio of food waste and cow manure were 144 mL/gr TS, 73.46 mL/gr TS, and 110.27 mL/gr TS respectively. Based on those result, food waste and cow manure ratio 1:1 TS suggest to be used on improved dry anaerobic digestion system.

Keywords
biogas; dry anaerobic digestion; food waste; cow manure

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/m2XJ8jELxbRt

Corresponding Author
Naya Prakasita Putri

Institutions
(a) Biorefinery Lab, Bioprocess Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, Indonesia
*mgozan[at]che.ui.ac.id

Abstract
Biosurfactant is produced by a certain microorganism to reduce surface tension. Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is one of the many applications of biosurfactant. However, the biosurfactant for MEOR needs to be able to withstand the extreme environment of oil reservoirs with high temperature and high salinity. Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 is a halophilic bacteria obtained from the Bledug Kuwu crater in Central Java, Indonesia. The similarity of both environment condition indicates the potential to produce suitable biosurfactant. This study evaluates the potential of Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 in producing biosurfactant compared to several bacteria isolated from the crater. The blood agar test of Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 exhibited greenish discoloration around the colony, indicating the ability of type α-hemolysis. The interfacial tension was measured using the Du Nouy ring method to represent the biosurfactant activity, with the results of 0.014 dyne/cm. The optimum time of the culture starter for production is 6 hours, as determined from the bacterial growth curve.

Keywords
Biosurfactant; Blood agar test; Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4; Interfacial tension

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/A89tr3pYxKDg

Corresponding Author
Yeni Variyana

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
*mahfud[at]chem-eng.its.ac.id

Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has compounds that could be used as anti-microbial, anti-atheroschlerosis, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertension, and anti-cancer. In this paper, oils was extracted from Garlic using Solvent Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) method without solvent which is as an alternative technique to produce oil without a solvent and and it has several advantages in terms of product quality. This research used Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity (MHG) technique for process extraction and produce high yields of garlic oil. The highest results were obtained from this study when at 100 g, 450 W and 10 min. Response surface methodology was designed to evaluate the effects of mass of raw material (g), microwave power (W) and extraction time (min) for optimization of analytical methods. Regression models have designed and predicted experimental values well. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology was used to analyze the chemical compositions of garlic oil. The results showed that sulphide compounds, like diallyl disulphide, trimethylene trisulfide, ester and alcohol which is found in garlic oil.

Keywords
Allium sativum L.; Garlic Oil; MHG; Optimization; SFME

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/k4hQegnVuPdR

Corresponding Author
lidya elizabeth

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Abstract
Carbon dioxide contributed great amount of Green House Gas (GHG) emission. Solid adsorption is one of the way to ease carbon dioxide emission. The effectiveness of CO2 adsorption by solid K2CO3/rice husk in fixed bed column by evaluated adsorption capacity, breakpoint time and length of effective bed height/HB were investigated. K2CO3 used as adsorbent and rice husk as support. The K2CO3 adsorption occurred at fixed bed column under mild condition. The CO2 inlet and outlet concentration were analysed by acid-base titration. The highest adsorption capacity by K2CO3/rice husk is 0.2 mmol/g adsorbent at CO2 inlet flow rate 28 LPM with 50 gr K2CO3. Meanwhile, the highest breakpoint time is 685.5 second which at CO2 flow rate 15.9 LPM and K2CO3 adsorbent 50 gr. Perhaps, variation of CO2 flow rate and amount of adsorbent do not affect CO2 adsorption capacity significantly.

Keywords
solid adsorption, K2CO3, breakthrough curves, adsorption capacity

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6NRvFP9WraXQ

Corresponding Author
Endarto Y. Wardhono

Institutions
1 University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Cilegon, 42435, Banten, Indonesia
2 Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter Laboratory (EA TIMR 4297 UTC-ESCOM), rue du Dr Schweitzer, 60200 Compiègne, France

Abstract
In this work, the evolution of dispersed droplets formation in a water-in-oil, W/O emulsion was observed using calorimetry technique. The emulsion was prepared by dispersing drop by drop of an aqueous phase into an oil continuous phase at room temperature using rotor-stator homogenizer. The droplets formation during: (1) formulation; (2) stabilization (3) and destabilization were observed using Differential Scanning Calorimertry, DSC. The samples were gently cooled-down below to its solid-liquid equilibrium temperature then heated back above the melting point to determine its solidification temperature. The energy released during the process was recorded in order to get information about the water droplet dispersion state. The mean droplet size distribution of the sample emulsion was correlated to its solidification temperature and the morphology was followed by optical microscopy. The results indicated that the calorimetry technique so far are a very good technique to characterize of W/O emulsion system

Keywords
DSC, W/O emulsion, dispersed droplets, solidification temperature, droplet size distribution

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qY4EnkXAT2u6

Corresponding Author
Lucky Wahyu Nuzulia Setyaningsih

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*lucky.nuzulia[at]uii.ac.id

Abstract
This paper present the conversion of cellulose based on water hyacinth into hydrogel. The water hyacinth cellulose was prepared using acid-alkaline treatment and bleaching. The cellulose properties was optimized by varying the extraction condition such as solvent concentration and temperature. The analysis method of FTIR and XRD were used for characterizing the functional groups and crystallinity of cellulose. The effective condition of extraction were achieved at solvent concentration 17,5% w/w of NaOH, 8% v/v of H2O2 as bleaching agent and temperature of 80oC. The extracted cellulose was used to produced hydrogels using poly vinyl alcohol and glutaraldehide as crosslinker agent. The research revealed that adding of glutaraldehide with ratio 1:2 at 25oC give the highest water absorption capacity of 285%.

Keywords
Cellulose; Water Hyacinth; Gluaraldehyde; Hydrogel

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8q6gkUzdebMC

Corresponding Author
Haris Numan Aulia

Institutions
Politeknik Energi dan Mineral (PEM) Akamigas Cepu

Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Used cooking oil is blended with diesel with a certain volume ratio to improve the characteristics. The characteristics of biodiesel can not be fully used by diesel engines because it doesn-t meet the standards so that its characteristics need to be improved. As for utilizing it, it must be blended with diesel oil. The purpose of this study is to improve the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel, knowing the percentage of biodiesel volume from used cooking oil with diesel oil so that it can be known the optimal ratio of biodiesel with diesel oil which is close to diesel fuel specifications. Characteristics as variables in this paper are density, kinematic viscosity, pour point, and flash point of the specified mixture. The results show that the kinematic viscosity and density of the biodiesel-diesel mixture increase as the biodiesel mixture increases. Mixtures with higher biodiesel content have higher flash points. Mixing diesel with used cooking oil biodiesel may be of no use compared to diesel, but it can help in adjusting the viscosity, density, pour point, and flash point values according to applicable regulations

Keywords
biodiesel, used cooking oil, blends

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HVYfmN3PpqEh

Corresponding Author
Siti Nurkhamidah

Institutions
a) Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia

Abstract
Fabrication of membrane for desalination process with high performance is the objective of this study. The addition of graphene oxide (GO) in cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol (CA/PEG) with a ratio of 80:20 was prepared by a surface coating method. In this study, the composition of GO was compared, with composition ranging from 0,0025 to 0,0125 wt% to the mass of the solvent. The characteristics of membranes were observed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR), contact angle analysis and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). While its performance was observed by analyzing salt rejection, flux permeate and permeability of the membranes. SEM analysis shows that membrane exhibits asymmetric membrane with sponge-like structure. FTIR results show that the peak area of –OH bonding decreases with the addition of GO. This result is in agreement with the contact angle analysis. The experiment results shows that membrane with the best performance is CA/PEG membrane with the addition of 0,01 wt% GO with salt rejection (%R) of 37%, flux permeate (F) 1356 L/m2.h, and permeability (P) 0,0013 L/m2.h.kPa.

Keywords
desalination, membrane, cellulose acetate, graphene oxide

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/p8tm97yRz2fc

Corresponding Author
Teguh Kurniawan

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize Bayah natural zeolites and tested for ammonium capture. Characterization of Bayah natural zeolites were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen physisorption. The natural zeolites were identified as mordenite and clinoptilolite. Non-zeolitic phase appeared on the XRD pattern was quartz. The morphology of clinoptilolite and mordenite were observed as platy and needle shape in the SEM images, respectively. Major cations were K+ and Ca2+ which were determined by energy dispersive X-ray. Nitrogen isotherm physisorption suggested that the natural zeolites was typical of type IV isotherm. Pore size distribution were determined using Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda model with mesopore size 3-5 nm. Ammonium exchange on Bayah natural zeolites were conducted in a batch experiment by varying the particle sizes, time and mass loading. Non-linear least squared method was applied to fit the experimental data with various kinetic and isotherm models. The kinetic data was well fitted with the Elovich equation with error 1.6 x 10-4. Isotherm adsorption of ammonium followed Langmuir-Vageler with error 4 x 10-2

Keywords
natural zeolites, ammonium exchange, kinetic study, isotherm

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nhCzkyKjeGtd

Corresponding Author
Darmadi Darmadi

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Abstract
The modified-polyurethane-foam adsorbents for mercury adsorption can typically reduce the potential impact of mercury pollution. This study aims to investigate the essential characteristics of adsorbents, made of castor oil, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, glycerol, merely modified by zeolite and bentonite addition. Polyurethane foam with optimum performance is further characterized to find out its physical and chemical properties including: functional groups (FTIR), surface morphology (SEM) and specific area (BET). The FTIR characterization show that polyurethane foams without necessary modification typically contains a C = O group as its typical group scientifically shown by its specific wavelength (1654–1516 cm-1, 1680–1514 cm-1, and 1593–1516 cm-1). The modified-polyurethane foam properly contains a C = CH group with a typical wavelength of 3008 cm-1 with zeolite addition. It also shows the visible wavelength of 3007 cm-1 with bentonite addition. The SEM characterization show that zeolite-modified-polyurethane foam properly maintains a smooth and flat structure with small pores, whereas polyurethane foam with bentonite typically has an irregular particle shape. The obtained BET area for sample 60% zeolite, 50% MDI and 40% gliserol is precisely 2.8257 m2/g. Whereas for the narrowest BET area in sample 40% zeolite, MDI 50%, and gliserol 60% is merely 0.773 m2/g.

Keywords
polyurethane, polyurethane foam, characterization, zeolite, bentonite

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WXmUduhzQnJN

Corresponding Author
Kusdianto Kusdianto

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia 60111

*Email: swinardi[at]chem-eng.its.ac.id

Abstract
Flame pyrolysis is widely used for fabrication of nanoparticles due to high crystallinity and narrow size distribution of the products. In this study, ZnO-Ag nanocomposite materials have been successfully fabricated by a flame pyrolysis. The effects of Ag loading ranging from 0 to 20 wt% in the ZnO-Ag nanocomposites on the photocatalytic activity under UV and sunlight irradiations were also studied. ZnO and Ag nanoparticles were synthesized based on zinc acetate dihydrate 0.1 M and silver nitrate inside a flame reactor. Morphologies and crystallinity of ZnO-Ag nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM analysis showed that nanoparticles have irregular sphere-like shapes. The XRD patterns indicated that the produced ZnO had a wurtzite structure with varying crystallite sizes. XRD analysis also confirmed the existence of Ag nanoparticles in ZnO-Ag nanocomposites when the concentration of Ag as much as 5 wt% indicated by the appearance of XRD peak at 38.1º. The peak at 38.1º increased with the increase of Ag content. Finally, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring the degradation of methylene blue aqueous solution under UV and sunlight irradiations. It showed that the best photocatalytic performance was obtained at 5 wt% Ag content for both irradiations.

Keywords
Ag content, Characterizations, Photocatalytic Activity, ZnO/Ag

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/b9ryV2tGnZjq

Corresponding Author
Alvika Meta Sari

Institutions
(a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty , Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Jl. Cempaka Putih Tengah 27, Cempaka Putih, Jakarta Pusat, 10510. Indonesia
* alvika.metasari[at]ftumj.ac.id
(b) Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Jakarta.
(c) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Rawamangun, Pulo Gadung, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia

Abstract
Koi fish is one of high economic value fish because of its beautiful body shape and colour. Its colour is influenced by the protein and carotenoid-rich feed. The sources of protein and carotenoid used as supplement were chitosan and chlorella. The purpose of this study to evaluate the effect of protein and carotenoid-rich feed using chitosan, Nanochitosan emulsion and chlorella on growth performance, water quality and protein retention of Koi Fish. Experiment was conducted by preparing the nanochitosan emulsion and formulated as Koi fish feed. The growth performance and protein retention of Koi fish and water quality were evaluate using ANAVA. In the experiment, Koi fish (mean initial wet weight 1.49 g) were fed with three diets (control, chitosan and nanochitosan emulsion) in triplicate for 60 days. The result shows that growth performance of Koi fish fed nanochitosan emulsion diet was higher (P<0.05) than other diets. Koi fish in chitosan diet group was higher (P<0.05) than of Koi in control but no statistical difference was found in Koi in nanochitosan emulsion diet groups with protein retention 57.03 ± 1.76 and the water quality showed Ph 7.32, DO = 6.23, NH3 = 0.03, NO2 = 0.0075 and NO3 = 0.03 mg/L.

Keywords
growth performance, nanochitosan emulsion, protein carotenoid rich fish feed, protein retension, water quality

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/c7HNJK2XwRxu

Corresponding Author
Heriyanto Heriyanto

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ciwaruga, Bandung 40551, Indonesia
* heriyanto[at]polban.ac.id

Abstract
Turmeric is one of the plants that contains antioxidant compounds called curcumin. Antioxidants in curcumin include flavonoids and tannins. Antioxidants can be used as corrosion inhibitors and paint additives. This study aims to utilize turmeric extract as an inhibitor and additive coating agent for aluminum metal in the seawater environment. Turmeric is extracted using a methanol or acetone solvent with a sample: solvent ratio of 1: 8. Phytochemical and DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) analyzes were performed. Testing of extracts as inhibitors and coating additives was carried out by varying the concentration and time of corroding. The results showed that the extract produced contained flavonoids and tannins through qualitative tests using 1% FeCl3 and 10% NaOH, each of which gave a blackish green and a blackish red color. Antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method in acetone and methanol, which respectively showed 4509 ppm and 2057 ppm. The testing of turmeric extract as a coating additive was immersed for five days and obtained the best level of 1% which produced the lowest corrosion rate of 0.0228 mmpy with a protection efficiency of 68.60%. Turmeric extract corrosion test as a coating additive was achieved within eight days with a corrosion rate of 0.0011 mmpy and a protection efficiency of 88.89%.

Keywords
turmeric extract, corrosion inhibitors, coating additives, aluminum metal, water the sea

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/AgTzQjxGc3eZ

Corresponding Author
Afifatul Jannah

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, Industrial Technology Faculty, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Rice bran has a high content of antioxidants and vitamin E so that it can reduce cholesterol levels, become an antidote to free radicals, and is good for skin health. This rice bran can be processed into edible oil, but too high a level of FFA can disrupt the quality of crude rice bran oil as it causes a rancid odor. Deasidification is a process to eliminate high levels of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) in crude rice bran oil (CRBO). There is a biological deasidification process using enzymes, but enzymes are still considered too expensive to use. The chemical and physical deasidification process is a commonly used process. The chemical deasidification method is carried out by adding alkaline solutions to oils containing low FFA with the advantage of leaving FFA of 0.5-2%, but can significantly eliminate the content of neutral oils and bioactive components such as oryzanol. Physical deasidification using distillation requires high energy, although the results obtained are quite good. Another physical deasidification method being developed is liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) which can minimize energy consumption levels and lose bioactive components. Physically deasidification using the liquid-liquid extraction method will be applied in this study using green solvents which are non-toxic, non-volatile, non-flammable, recyclable. The green solvent used is Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) from Choline Chloride - Ethylene Glycol with a ratio of 1: 2 molar ratio and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) from Betaine Monohydrate - Glycerol with a 1: 8 molar ratio. The purpose of this study is to study the DDRBO deasidification process using DES and NADES in single extraction and multiple extraction, the effect of DES and NADES on the rate of FFA and recovery γ-oryzanol at each stage, and the effect of initial FFA levels (5%, 10%, 20 %, 30%, 40% and 60%) of using DES and NADES in eliminating FFA. Rice bran oil containing the initial FFA content will be mixed with a solvent then stirred while heated at 50oC for 240 minutes. The results obtained at each stage were tested using saponification value analysis and gas chromatrography mass spectrophotometry analysis to determine the level of FFA in oil, as well as UV-Visible Spectrophotometer to determine oryzanol levels in oil. With the deasidification process in this study, FFA in CRBO can be completely removed without disturbing the composition of bioactive components using the method of liquid-liquid extraction multi extraction with green solvent which is safer for the environment.

Keywords
Betaine Monohydrate, Choline Chloride, Deacidification, Liquid-liquid Extraction, Rice Bran Oil

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3YBZyzKpwNHR

Corresponding Author
Sri Rulianah

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Lignocellulose is an abundant organic component consists of three polymers namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin which it is the main sources of plant biomass. The lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose can degraded using Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of fermentation time and bagasse addition to reduce the levels of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in fermentation process using Phanerochaete chrysosporium. This research was conducted by fermentation of bagasse which has been dried and reduced in size in the form of powder (30-60 mesh) using NLM (Nitrogen Limited Media). Changing variables in this study were fermentation time (17, 20, 23, 26, and 29 days), and concentration of bagasse addition (3,4 and 5%) from NLM. The product fermentation was filtered using a vacuum pump, the pulp was analyzed for levels of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose by the Van Soest method. The results of the research showed that the longer fermentation time causing higher reduction levels of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. In the best operating conditions, the fermentation time was 29 days, and the bagasse addition of 3% obtained the largest decrease in lignin by 93,273%, cellulose 68.0366%, and hemicellulose 54.495%.

Keywords
bagasse, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yExvbgWHctD7

Corresponding Author
Vivi Alvionita Sari

Institutions
1,2) Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya

Abstract
Molasses, Stillage or vinasse and Spent wash (bottom product of distillation column) are large liquid wastes production in the bioethanol industry that contain high sulfur. The liquid wastes with high sulfur contain are dangerous if it discharges directly into the environment without pretreatment. For this reason, pretreatment is needed to reduced the sulfur concentration of liquid waste (molasses) using biofiltration method. The objective of this research is to eliminate the content of H2S or sulfur in the wastewater of the bioethanol industry (molasses) by using aerobic bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans dan Pseudomonas putida. The method of this experimental work used biofiltration which are attached on wood chips or bagasse packing by aerobic bacterial to form biofilms in the reactor. The process in this study was conducted in two steps. The first step was carried out by sulfur oxidizing bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Pseudomonas putida with a concentration of 10% and 20% (v/v) that growth on packing to form biofilms in the reactor for 13 days. Furthermore, as the second step the bacteria degraded H2S content of liquid waste with attached bacteria on packing for 15 days in biofiltration reactor. From the preliminary results of this study, reactor with 10% (v/v) A. thiooxidans on wood chips packing and 3% (v/v) concentration molasses waste can degraded H2S from 4.35 mg/L to 1.55 mg/L (64.37% removal efficiency) and for reactor with 20% (v/v) A. thiooxidans can degraded H2S from 4.35 mg/L to 1.16 mg/L (73.33% removal efficiency). Meanwhile, reactor with 10% (v/v) Pseudomonas putida can degraded H2S from 4.35 mg/L to 1.94 mg/L (55.40% removal efficiency) and for reactor with 20% (v/v) Pseudomonas putida can degraded H2S from 4.35 mg/L to 1.47 mg/L (66.21% removal efficiency).

Keywords
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Biofiltration, Molasses, Pseudomonas putida, Wood chips

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bT3NeEwaJ6HC

Corresponding Author
Vivi Alvionita Sari

Institutions
(1) Departement of Chemical Enginering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
(2) Departement of Chemical Enginering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Abstract
Molasses, Stillage or vinasse and Spent wash are large liquid wastes production in the bioethanol industry that contain high sulfur. This liquid wastes are dangerous if it discharges directly into the environment without pretreatment. For this reason, pretreatment is needed to reduced the sulfur concentration of liquid waste (molasses) using biofiltration method. The objective of this research is to eliminate the content of H2S or sulfur in the wastewater of the bioethanol industry (molasses) by using aerobic bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans dan Pseudomonas putida. The method of this experimental work used biofiltration which are attached on wood chips by aerobic bacterial to form biofilms in the reactor. The process in this study was conducted in two steps. The first step was carried out by sulfur oxidizing bacteria such as A.thiooxidans and P. putida with a concentration of 10% and 20% (v/v) that growth on packing to form biofilms in the reactor for 13 days. Furthermore, as the second step the bacteria degraded H2S content of liquid waste with attached bacteria on packing for 15 days in biofiltration reactor. From the preliminary results of this study, reactor with 10% (v/v) A. thiooxidans on wood chips packing and 3% (v/v) concentration molasses waste can degraded H2S from 4.35 mg/L to 1.55 mg/L (64.37% removal efficiency) and for reactor with 20% (v/v) A. thiooxidans can degraded H2S from 4.35 mg/L to 1.16 mg/L (73.33% removal efficiency). Meanwhile, reactor with 10% (v/v) P. putida can degraded H2S from 4.35 mg/L to 1.94 mg/L (55.40% removal efficiency) and for reactor with 20% (v/v) P. putida can degraded H2S from 4.35 mg/L to 1.47 mg/L (66.21% removal efficiency).

Keywords
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Biofiltration, Molasses, Pseudomonas putida, Wood chips

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7mgxkvAVwRKQ

Corresponding Author
Kartika Fajarwati Hartono

Institutions
(a) Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Earth Technology and Energy, Trisakti University
Jalan Kyai Tapa No. 1, Grogol, Jakarta Barat, 11440, Indonesia
*kartika[at]trisakti.ac.id
(b) Magister of Petroleum Engineering Department,Faculty of Earth Technology and Energy, Trisakti University
Jalan Kyai Tapa No. 1, Grogol, Jakarta Barat, 11440, Indonesia

Abstract
CO2 Injection is one of Enhanced Oil Recovery methods that developed to contribute to decrease global warming issues and to improve oil recovery. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of increasing CO2 volume injection on reservoir characteristic fluid. This research was conducted by laboratory experiment. Samples used to analyse were come from Beta field in Tuban Formation. This research was conducted into three steps, there were determination of Minimum Miscible Pressure of CO2, determination of PVT fluid composition, and determination of CO2 injection to fluid characteristic that include viscosity and swelling oil. From the experimental, yield the minimum miscible pressure of CO2 injection for Beta field is 2800 Psig. By increasing 10% volume CO2 injection, oil recovery was increased due to increase CO2 solubility. The swelling effect due to dissolved CO2 also led to changes in viscosity for Beta field is 0.588 to 0.541 cp. In addition, percentage of CO2 composition increase 30% from the original since CO2 injection due to solubility CO2 into hydrocarbon fluid. This research can be concluded that by increasing of volume CO2 injection into miscible displacement can affect in changes of fluid characteristic reservoir and improve oil recovery.

Keywords
CO2 Injection; Minimum Miscible Pressure; Enhanced Oil Recovery

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VthL3CQBEMRY

Corresponding Author
Firman Kurniawansyah

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Indonesia possesses high potential to develop an advanced biorefinery system, thanks to its high richness of natural resources. Bamboo for instance, with more than 200 species, in which 5% of its global distribution is found in Indonesian archipelago, is an invaluable resource to develop many useful materials. Here in this study, bamboo has been used to produce activated carbon for catalyst material. Bamboo raw material was obtained from a city park in Surabaya, and converted to activated carbon through carbonization at 773 K, followed by activation using acidic solution treatments. The activated carbon (AC) was used as catalyst support, impregnated by nickel (Ni) as metal active. The Ni/AC was applied as catalyst for hydrogenation of glucose, conducted at 0.5 MPa and 363 – 403 K. With surface area of 125 m2/g of the carbon supported catalyst applied, glucose could be converted to polyols with overall yield of approximately 3 wt % of the total products.

Keywords
bamboo, activated carbon, catalyst, hydrogenation, glucose

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7q6ratRbHZAC

Corresponding Author
Ilham Ardatul Putra

Institutions
Lemigas dan ITB

Abstract
The use of surfactant in chemical flooding techniques to increase the oil production has been investigated for several decades. However, the injection of surfactant is potential to be lost during the process due to the adsorption of surfactant into the core. It is therefore crucial to analyzed the concentration of surfactant before and after injection to the core. Many methods are developed for determining the content of surfactant using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer by utilizing the chromophore group of the chemical. However, for the analysis of a molecule that lack of this colour function, need to be developed using other techniques, such as mobile 1H NMR measurement. In this study, quantification of nonionic surfactant that absent of chromophore group was performed using a combination of mobile 1H NMR with Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). SPE was used to extract the samples that dissolved in water, whereas 1H NMR was used to identify the levels of nonionic surfactants that dissolved in deuterized solvents. Internal standard chemical was added to the sample to verify the concentration of samples. As a stationaty phase was SPE C-18 and eluent was methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Furthermore, the SPE results were measured using mobile 1H NMR 43 MHz with selected solvents namely deuterized chlorophome (CDCl3) and internal standard Dimethyl Formamide (DMF). Optimization results for determination of surfactant concentration up to 0.5% w/w was using the C-18 stationary phase, mobile phase methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane.

Keywords
Chemical Flooding, Nonionic Surfactant, Low field 1H NMR, Solid-Phase Extraction, C-18 Stationary Phase

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZXbT7JKmwcer